Your study of political science begins with this lesson. This lesson seeks to find the meaning of political science. Political science, traditionally, begins and ends with the state. So supposedly, it’s a study of state and government. The modern view of political science emphasizes the study of power and authority over it. Political science also explains its ever-expanding scope. Its scope includes the study of the state and the study of the political system; The study of government covers the study of power; The study of man and the study of his political behavior and political issues that directly or indirectly influence politics. In this lesson, you will study some basic concepts such as justice and its relevance to its citizens.
Meaning of Political Science :
Political science is the part of social science that deals with the foundations of the state and the principles of government. According to J. W. Garner, "Politics begins and ends with the state." Similarly, R. G. Gettel writes that politics is a “study of the state of the past, present and future”. Harold J. Lasky stated in the same vein that the study of politics relates to the lives of men and women in relation to the organized state. Thus, as a social science, political science deals with those aspects of the society of individuals who are associated with their activities and organizations that are dedicated to the pursuit of power, resolving conflicts and appointing all these within the overall framework of law and order. Is. State.
As you have seen, correctly define politics in terms of state or government. However, this definition does not simply mean politics. Politics also deals with power. Harold d. Laswell and Abraham Kaplan define political science as the "study of the shape and distribution of power." In a word, politics deals with both state and power. However, the power with which political science works is more often than not the power of law. Since science is a systematic study of any phenomenon through observation and experiment, political science studies all aspects of state and power. You will learn more about the kingdom and power later in this lesson. Political science deals with both empirical facts and ideal issues. Facts are in the domain of "what is" and value choices are in the domain of "what should be". For example, if someone says that India is a parliamentary democracy, he or she is making a statement of empirical fact. This is India today. But if she or he were to make a statement that India should turn to the presidential form of democracy, this statement would be ideal. Political science is not satisfied with describing the state of affairs, it seeks to change or improve them. Empirical statements are true or false depending on which case the observation shows. Evaluating statements are moral / ethical requirements, which are often said to be neither true nor false in any sense. Statements Formal statements (such as mathematical propositions) are true or false based solely on the meaning of their constituent words. Political philosophy deals with formal formal statements. Political science deals with empirical statements and evaluates existing political institutions, methods, and focuses on how to improve them.
Growth of the Discipline of Political Science :
The systematic study of politics began with the Greeks in the fourth century BC. Philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle used it in a very broad sense. Aristotle calls politics "the main science." For them, it includes not only the institution of state or government, but also family, property and other social institutions. Politics, for the Greeks, was a different activity. The ancient Greek view of political science was primarily moral. During the Middle Ages, individual and state political science became a branch of the church's religious system. Political authority was subject to church authority at the time. As the state grew in size and became more complex, political science took a real and secular (non-religious) approach. it was limited enough to maintain law and order and defend against external aggression, underwent significant changes with the emergence of a new economic system called New Capitalism. In the twentieth century, after World War II, the "behavioral approach" gave a new dimension to political science. The behavioral movement of American political science in the 1950s and 1960s placed a great deal of emphasis on the "science" part of politics. He wanted to model politics after the methods followed by science such as physics, botany, etc. Those who follow the inspirational method will come to a conclusion after study, observation and experiment. For example, when some behavioralists saw that African Americans (Blacks) from South Africa (USA) in South America voted for the Democratic Party of the United States, they came to the conclusion that African-Americans voted for Democrats. This behavioral approach shifted the focus of his study from political institutions and structures to their functions. It emphasizes political activity and the behavior of the men and women who control these institutions. It replaces the study of ideas through the study of facts, evidence, and behavior. He believed in political activity manifesting itself in behavior as the true subject of political science. Political activity can be in the form of a person contesting an election.
It may be the activity of a group seeking to adopt a specific policy in its favor by the government. Different people pursue different interests, such activities create differences, competition and conflict. But the distinctive quality of politics is that it involves physical coercion or coercion by the government. This may include the government's persuasive influence and efforts to resolve conflicts through balanced policy decisions. Politics is also seen as a process in which individuals, groups or communities try to achieve their specific but conflicting goals. Politics, as a process, seeks to allocate resources (Easton calls it, values) authentically. As a study of politics, structures, institutions, processes and activities, recognizes the possibility of the use of force. The Marxist approach, derived from the writings of the nineteenth-century German philosopher Karl Marx, is the study of the inseparable conflict between the two classes of 'Husvs' (those who have private property, or only the rich) and 'Nuts' (who have no private property, or only Poor); In other words, absorbent and exploited. Liberation of banknotes will only come through a revolution that will abolish the institution of private property, thus transforming class society into a classless society.
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