Khudiram Bose : A Real Hero
He was in prison and as a result o going out the revolutionary movement led by secret organizations became largely underground. These organizations had their origins in the Committee of Indigenous Days. In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Praful Chaki dropped a bomb on a captured vehicle, believed to be by Kingsford, an unpopular judge in Muzaffarpur. However they killed two English women in their place. Chuckie shot himself and Khudiram was hanged. The revolutionaries who were mainly from Anushilan and Yugantar Samiti also carried out indigenous bandits to raise money for their movement. The revolutionary movement was not limited to Bengal. Rashbehari Bose and Sachindranath Sanyal set up a revolutionary network spread across the Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi areas. In 1912, these two revolutionaries made an unsuccessful attempt on the life of Viceroy Lord Hardinge in Delhi. The revolutionary movement was also slowly spreading along the coast of India. Shyamji Krishnavirma started calling a center for Indian students in London in 1905 as India House. In 1907, the organization was taken over by a revolutionary group under VD Server. Madanlal Dingra of this organization assassinated Curzon-Willy, an officer of the India Office Fees, in London in 1909. In Europe (Paris and Geneva), Madame Cama established contacts with the Parsi Revolutionary French Socialists and only published the revolutionary journal Bande. In Berlin, Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and others have been working since 1909. Revolutionary groups in Britain and Europe became quite isolated. However the movement found something of a mass base in the United States in the Americas, especially British Columbia and the Pacific coastal states. These states have a population of 15000 Indians mainly from the Sikh community who were facing significant racial discrimination despite being successful traders and workers.
Morley Minto Reforms :
In the midst of this population, the Ghadar movement began in 1913 in the city of San Francisco. The movement was founded by Sohansinh Bhakna and Har Dayal was one of its most prominent leaders. World War I broke out in 1914, and the revolutionaries saw a great opportunity in this to advance their agenda of complete independence. Britain was busy preparing for war and troops were sent from India for this purpose. Enemy nations like Germany would be very willing to give money for revolutionary activities to weaken Britain. Britain's invasion of Turkey was supported by the Pan-Islamists because Turkey was the seat of a revered caliph by Muslims around the world. Barkatula was one of the important Muslim revolutionary leaders who joined the traitor movement. In Deoband, the center of Islamic education in Uttar Pradesh, scholars or ulema delivered a revolutionary message that had a large following among Muslims. Meanwhile, the killing of indigenous bandits and English people continued and at this time there was a significant increase in revolutionary activity. Under the rule of Jatin Mukherjee (Bagha Jatin), the revolutionary organizations of Bengal came together and planned a massive disruption of railway communications and seizure of arms. They succeeded when they got the big hand and ammunition of the Rhoda companies of Calcutta. However, his long-term plans were cut short when police arrested Bhagbha Jatin in Balasore, Orissa. The Ras Bihari Bose and Sachin Sanyal scheme was also a part of the revolutionary movement in Bengal. The group made contact with the Ghadar movement.
The Ghadarites started returning to India in large numbers. My coma incident further inflamed the passions. The Komagata Maru, carrying Sikh and Muslim passengers to Canada, was hired by the Government of Canada and arrived in Calcutta in September 1914. The passengers clashed with police and 22 people were killed. The treacherous movement and revolutionary plans failed because the British government came down with a heavy hand on them. Most of the Gaddafis who returned were immediately arrested. Attempts to revolt in several military units failed and Ras Bihari Bose fled to Japan and Sachin Sanyal was transferred for life. The revolutionaries and especially the Ghadarites were the pioneers of the organization of revolution among the military units and the peasants.
Balgangadhar Tilak, who was jailed during the sentence 1901008-1-191, returned to the Congress which was now more open to him after the disappointment of the Morli Minto Reform Council elections. By 1914-15 the indigenous movement, the efforts for council admission and the administration to influence from within and the revolutionary movement all spent themselves. At that time there was a new thrust in the national movement that was to come from Ann's Besant and Tilak's House rule movement. Tilak worked to establish a kind of agitating network from within the Congress through his Home Rule League, which he founded in April 1916. At the same time Besant of the Theosophist leader ie stood in great progress and proposed to start a movement for a great step of self-government for Indians. Besant also proposed the establishment of a Home Rule League in the country by forming the Irish Home Rule Movement to spread awareness. The Besant League was founded in September 1916. The Tilak League was active in Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Besant League, with Adyar headquartered, had a greater place in the whole of India in Madras.
Home Rule League :
The activities of the Home Rule Leagues were to organize discussions and reading rooms in the cities, to distribute pamphlets and to organize lecture tours to suppress public opinion. Although the House Rule movement never camped for the goal of complete independence, it focused on the oppression of colonial policy by opposing government policy, e.g., forest laws, alcohol laws, etc., during which time a new generation of nationalist movement leaders was formed. And the center of the movement shifted from Bengal and Punjab to Maharashtra and the South. Many moderate Congressmen also joined the House Rule movement. However, after 1918 the Home Rule movement came to an abrupt end.
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