Changing Nations of History

            It was suggested, especially by Western scholars that there is no point in writing history to the ancient Indians, but it is not true. Indeed, the spirit of writing Indian history was different from that of Westerners. The people of the West recorded the events in chronological order while the ancient Indians wrote differently. It can be seen in the texts known as Puranas, where four different epochs, Trita, Dwapar and Kali are mentioned. And in each age we find detailed lists of rulers and dynasties. In addition, a large number of inscriptions have been discovered. This gives the genealogy of the kings of different dynasties and also mentions their achievements. It shows that Indians had a basic knowledge of the time (period) and places where events were taking place.

 

Modern Reserves :

            Modern research in the history of ancient India began in 1765 when the East India Company took control of Bengal and Bihar. To administer Hindu law, Manusmriti translated texts on ancient Indian law into English. These initial efforts to understand the ancient laws and customs of the British led to the founding of the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1788. Under his initiative and from many other such societies Hindu religious and classical texts were translated into English. The greatest impetus for indological studies was given by the German-born scholar Max Miller. The British soon realized that they needed a keen knowledge of the Indian scriptures and social system to govern them better. Christian missionaries also felt the need to learn more about Indian laws and customs to help them convert and strengthen their rule. While translating the texts, Western scholars wrote about the Indian readiness to change and they were accustomed to despairing rule. In 1904, Vincent A. Smith wrote Early History of India. It was the first systematic history of ancient India. In this blog, his approach to history was pro-British and he tried to justify the British rule in India. It served as good propaganda material for the desperate British rule forever. Indian scholars, especially those who had received Western education, were annoyed that they presented the history of British India to their advantage. Supporting nationalist ideas, some undertook the task of rewriting history to show the world the true glory of Indian culture. Two notable nationalist historians, R.G. Bhandarka and V.K. Rajwade

            In doing so, they also attacked certain social evils, such as child marriage and the caste system, and encouraged widow remarriage. The contribution of PV to Kane (1880–1972) is significant. He wrote a monumental work entitled History of Theology. It highlights the main elements of ancient Indian society. These Indian scholars carefully studied the ancient Indian scriptures on humility to show that the ancient Indians had a keen understanding of administration. DR Bhandarkar (1875–1950), an epigraphist, publishes books on ancient Indian political institutions. H.C. Raichaudhary (1892–1957) reconstructed the history of ancient India and in doing so criticized V.A. Smith on many points. A strong element appears in RC's writings. Majumdar (1888–1980) who edited the multi-volume history and culture of the Indian people. By 1960, Indian scholars inspired by the idea of nationalism glorified their respective regions and the history of India. The merits of spreading the myth of hatred K.P. Jaiswal (1881–1937). He wrote about the existence of Indian Republic and Swarajya in ancient India. After independence, a new trend took place in history writing. More emphasis was placed on society and the economy in the direction of writing non-political history. Wonder A India A A.L. One such pioneering work was written by Basham (1914 such1986). More shifts are evident in the DD. Kosambi's book (1907 - 1966) an introduction to the study of Indian history. His treatment follows the socio-economic aspect of ancient Indian history. After him a large number of historians followed this trend and focused on social, economic and cultural history. Their main stress was on the means of production and social and economic relations between different groups of people.

Themes in Indian History :

            For an overall knowledge of the past, students have to be made aware of various aspects of society, which are called themes. These themes enable us to learn about the development of various fields - social, economic, religious, political and cultural. The developments in this field are so interconnected that they often break down the boundaries between them, for example, when in the later Vedic age the animal husbandry society was transformed into a stable agricultural society, resulting in a change in the political system. The king who was formerly known as Gopati (lord of cattle) in the animal husbandry society became Bhupati (lord of land) with the development of agricultural economy. And with that came the fight for more land acquisition instead of cows. Kings gradually became powerful and the monarchy inherited. Therefore, we have noticed that changes in different areas are related to each other which they mostly influence large growth. In this course material you will learn about development in the field of art, architecture, gender system, science and economy, technology and about the rise and growth of various religious denominations and rituals.

 

Study of ancient coins :

            The study of coins is known as numismatics. It includes not only visual elements such as scripts and images on coins but also metallic analysis. Ancient coins were mostly mined in metals such as copper, silver, gold and lead. Early coins found in India had some symbols and were called punch coins. They were made of silver and copper (BC 6th century BC) The first coins depicting the names and images of the rulers were issued by the Indo-Greeks, who established control over the northwestern part of the subcontinent (c. 2nd century BC). The first gold coins were issued in C by Kushno. First century AD. Some of the most spectacular gold coins were issued by secret rulers. Their initial points for the purity of the gold material are significant. Coins provide useful information regarding economical history as they were used as a medium of exchanges in any countey in world. Some coins were issued by guilds or by associations of merchants and artisans with the permission of the rulers. This shows the influence of crafts and commerce. The coins also depict kings and deities, and include religious symbols, all of which shed light on the art and religion of the time.